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Strait-Waist-coating

Sergeant Troy uses the phrase "such strait waist-coating as you treat me to is not becoming in you at an early date."  Here strait waist-coating is a metaphor for being confined, restricted, or controlled. He is complaining about Bathsheba's attempt to control his movements, question his expenditure, or prying into his past, implying she is acting more like a strict keeper than a wife. This conversation takes place after they were married when Troy asks for twenty pounds, without explaining why, and Bathsheba's jealousy and suspicion are growing. Strait-waistcoat is a garment designed to retain a person's movement by binding their arms tightly against their body.  Made from durable canvas or leather it features long sleeves that are crossed over the chest and secured behind the wearer's back. The term originated in the mid 18th century was first described in 1772 textbook by David Macbride. Historically they were used extensively in asylums. David Macbride was...
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Forty: Far From The Madding Crowd: Thomas Hardy - Caster Bridge Highway

The woman walked on for a considerable time.  Her steps became weak and she strained her eyes to look afar upon the naked road, now indistinct amid the  Penumbrae .  At length her onward walk dwindled to the merest totter, and she opened a gate within which was a haystack.  Underneath this she sat down and soon slept. The woman awoke to find herself in the depths of a moonless night.  A heavy unbroken crust of cloud stretched across the sky; and a distant halo hung over the town of Casterbridge. "If I could only get there!" the woman said looking at the halo hung over Casterbridge.  "Meet him the day after tomorrow: God help me!  Perhaps I shall be in my grave before then."  A clock from the far depth of shadows struck the hour one, in small, attenuated tone.  Two lights arose from the remote shade, and grew larger.  A carriage rolled along the road.  It contained some late diners-out. The light from the carriage showed the crouchin...
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Pleiads

The Pleiads also known as Seven Sisters or Messier 45 (M45) is a prominent open star cluster in the Constellation Taurus located at 444 light-years from Earth.  It is one of the nearest star clusters to Earth and is visible to the naked eye as a tiny, blue-tinted misty dipper of stars It contains over 1000 stars, though only six to seven are visible to the naked eye. It is a young cluster consisting of hot B type stars formed within the last few million years.  In Greek mythology Seven Sisters were the seven daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea nymph Pleione. Pursued by hunter Orion Zeus transformed them into stars to protect them. 
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Hazel Copse

Hazel copse is a traditional woodland area where hazel trees are cut near ground level on a 7 to 15 years rotation, encouraging vigorous regrowth for sustainable timber, fencing and garden material.  This ancient method, called coppicing  produces straight flexible poles ideal for hurdle making, thatch spars, and plant supports while promoting biodiversity. A forest or grove that has been subject to coppicing is called copse. Hazel is often grown as an understorey beneath larger Oak or ash trees. They are cut in winter because it reduces decay in poles. Known for producing flexible wands hazel is used for wattle and hurdles for fencing, beanpoles and walking sticks.  Mass cutting allows light to reach the woodland floors, benefitting wild flowers and dormice.  Similar process is carried out at a higher level is called pollarding. This is done to prevent grazing animals from eating new shoots.  Dormice:  Small nocturnal Old World rodents known for their long...
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Language: Penumbraebrae

Plural of penumbra. The lighter outer regions of a shadow where the light source is only partially obscured, surrounding the darker central umbra. The word is commonly used in astronomy. In art it is rarely used as blending of light and shade. It is the play of light and shade. Synonyms: Partial shadow, fringe region, shades region.  Derived from Latin paene (almost) and umbra (shadow)
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Thirty Nine: Far From The Madding Crowd: Thomas Hardy - Coming Home - A Cry

On the turn-pike road, between Casterbridge and Weatherbury, there was a long steep ascent. In returning from market it is usual for the farmers and other gig users to alight at the bottom and walk up.  The month of October. A Saturday evening.  Bathsheba's vehicle was creeping up the ascent. She was sitting listlessly in the second seat, while sergeant Troy was walking beside the gig in a farmer's marketing suit of unusually fashionable cut.  Though on foot he held the reins and whip, and occasionally aimed light cuts at the horse's ear with the end of lash as a pastime.  Sergeant Troy had  bought his discharge with Bathsheba's money, and was transforming himself to a farmer of spirited and very modern school.  People still called him sergeant and he retained his well shaped moustache of his military days. "Yes, if it hadn't been for that wretched rain I should have cleared two hundred as easy as looking, my love," he was saying. "Don't you see,...
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Language: Haeuteur

Haeuteur is a formal noun referring to display of arrogance, superiority, or overbearing pride.  It describes an unfriendly, distant manner where someone acts as though they are better than others, often associated with a sense of entitlement or snobbishness.  It is often used to criticize cold or condescending behaviour.  The word stems from the French word haut meaning high or high in one's own estimation.  Synonyms: Arrogance, superiority, disdain, conceit, snobbishness.  Antonyms: Humility, modesty.
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